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Photo: Dietmar Rabich, Wikimedia Commons (CC BY-SA 4.0)A volcanic island where in one hour you go from clouds above 1,800 metres to lava pools on the ocean. Madeira is not a classic beach destination: it's Europe's most spectacular mountain range planted in the middle of the Atlantic.
19 places checked against the sources. The 4 gems the guidebooks skip come first, then the classics: every card has the hard facts on top and the why below.
On the map: yellow pins are the gems. Tap a pin to jump to its card.
✦ Hidden gems · off the standard guides
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It is the fishing village Churchill painted in the 1950s, with coloured boats hauled up in the volcanic bay, 15 minutes by bus from Funchal. Poncha was born here, and in the old bars around the harbour it is made in front of you: a different thing from the industrial bottles in the souvenir shops, which is the version most people take home.
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It is the nuns' village at the bottom of a crater valley ringed by vertical walls, where the sisters of Santa Clara took refuge from pirates in 1566: the road runs down to it, but the view that matters is from the Eira do Serrado viewpoint at 1,095 metres, looking straight down on the village. In November there is the chestnut festival, and here the chestnut is a real crop rather than a tourist pretext.
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It is the most striking black volcanic sand beach on the island, closed in by green cliffs with waterfalls dropping into the sea. Beside it there is also a natural pool, less known and wilder than the ones at Porto Moniz. It is on the north coast, which organised tours nearly always skip because it is far from Funchal: which is exactly why you stay.
It is the sunniest municipality on the island, with a small seafront, a historic pier and sunsets held to be Madeira's best: it is the right base for winter sun away from the city. A note on the Anjos waterfall, the one everyone photographs themselves under on the old coast road: the water coming down is agricultural run-off rather than a spring, and it is not one to drink or to stand under for long.
The classics
The cable car climbs in a quarter of an hour from the Zona Velha to Monte over the roofs and valleys: €22 return, €16 one way. The one-way ticket makes sense because from Monte you come down by toboggan or by bus. At the top are the Monte Palace Tropical Garden, charged separately, and the church of Nossa Senhora do Monte, patron of the island, where Charles I of Austria is buried.
It is the most spectacular hike on the island: ridges above the sea of cloud between Madeira's third and first peaks, 1,862 metres, with steps cut into the rock, unlit tunnels and drops without railings. Since 2026 the classified PR trails require compulsory online booking on the regional government's SIMplifica portal, with 30 minute entry slots, and the fee is 4.50 € per person, not the 3 € still circulating in guidebooks; under-12s do not pay but still have to register. If you do several trails, the system applies the daily or multi-day rate by itself when it works out cheaper. The torch is genuinely needed in the tunnels, and anyone afraid of heights will suffer: this is not a scenic stroll.
It is the island's best-known levada: you walk along the historic irrigation channels to a rock amphitheatre where 25 springs drop into a pool. This too is a classified route, so the same 4.50 € fee applies, with compulsory booking and 30 minute slots on the SIMplifica portal: you cannot simply turn up and set off. It lies inside the Laurissilva, the UNESCO-listed laurel forest that is the remnant of a vegetation gone from continental Europe. It is so popular that the car park fills early: start at dawn or choose the afternoon.
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It is the plateau of ancient twisted laurels in the mist, and the mist is not a setback but the reason to go: in sunshine it becomes a meadow with cows, handsome but ordinary. Mist is common early and lifts through the day, so the hour matters more than the season. It is on the north-west coast, far from Funchal: an hour and a half of mountain driving.
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It is the volcanic peninsula at the eastern tip, and it looks like another island: arid, windy, with red and black cliffs dropping into the Atlantic and not a tree in sight. The route is about 7 km there and back, entirely exposed, with no shade and no water on the way, and it is one of the classified trails, so here too you book and pay the fee. The wind is constant and that is not a turn of phrase: water and a hat are not generic advice.
It is one of the highest sea cliffs in Europe, 580 metres, with the glass-floored skywalk hanging over the drop. The visit takes 10 minutes, about as long as a photograph, and the car park is small. It works as a stop along the west coast, not as a day trip from Funchal: going there specially means 60 minutes of driving for 10 minutes on a terrace, and below, if there is haze, you see nothing at all.
They are pools of black lava that the ocean refills with every wave, on the north-west side. The equipped complex has changing rooms, a bar, loungers for hire and lifeguards, and is open all year: 09:00-17:00 in winter and 09:00-19:00 on summer hours. Entry costs 3 € over the age of 3, 1.50 € for students and over-65s, and is free up to age 3. The wild pools alongside are free and deserted. In rough seas the waves come over the edge and the complex closes, which at Porto Moniz happens often: it is the alternative to sandy beaches, which Madeira barely has.
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It is the wicker toboggan run, pushed and braked by two carreiros in rubber-soled boots: two kilometres of bends from Monte towards Funchal, born in the 19th century as actual transport. It costs €30 for one person, €40 for two, €60 for three, and runs Monday to Saturday 9am-6pm. Tickets are sold only on site and only on the day: there is no online booking.
It is Funchal's old quarter, revived by the Arte de Portas Abertas project that turned dozens of doors into artworks along Rua de Santa Maria: you look at them walking and pay nothing. In the evening it is the heart of the nightlife, with the restaurants and poncha bars. By day it is nearly empty and the doors show better, because at night the tables cover them.
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The famous triangular cottages with thatch to the ground: the photographed ones in the centre of Santana are reconstructions and serve as a tourist office. The theme park beside them reduces the traditions to paid entertainment. The original houses, still lived in or used for storage, are scattered through the surrounding countryside: you see them driving slowly on the side roads, and they cost nothing.
It is Funchal's historic market, with flowers, fish and tropical fruit, and it is also a documented trap: the fruit stalls on the upper floor charge heavily inflated prices and often sell imported fruit as local. Read the origin labels, buy on the ground floor or in the shops around, and go on Friday or Saturday, when the actual growers come in from the villages.
It is the national cocktail: aguardente de cana, sugar cane spirit, with honey and lemon or orange juice, worked with the caralhinho, a wooden stick rolled between the palms. In the poncha bars it is made to order and drunk at once, because worked and settled are two different drinks. The ready-made bottles in the souvenir shops are something else and have nothing to do with it.
The espetada is a skewer of bay-scented beef hung from a hook above the table, from which you pull the meat piece by piece: it does not arrive on a plate. Bolo do caco is sweet potato bread baked on stone and served scalding with garlic butter, and it is the starter that appears everywhere. Lapas are limpets grilled with garlic and lemon, prised out of the shell with a fork.
The espada is the black scabbardfish, caught in the deep trenches around the island at more than 800 metres: it is an abyssal fish, and it looks like one. In tourist restaurants it comes with banana and sometimes passion fruit sauce, which is the postcard version. The traditional preparation is plainer, with boiled potatoes, vegetables or milho frito, and it is what you find where Madeirans eat.
It is the fortified wine that made the island's history, from dry Sercial to sweet Malvasia, and its peculiarity is controlled oxidation: an open bottle does not spoil and vintages decades old are still drinkable. In Funchal you visit the historic lodges with a tasting. It is the only wine in the world you can leave open in the kitchen for months without trouble, and that is why it went to sea.
Three routes for different travel styles, built only from this dossier's verified places. Realistic pace: 2-3 stops a day.
The landmark sights, at the right pace.
Day 1
Funchal cable car and Monte Palace
The cable car climbs in a quarter of an hour from the Zona Velha to Monte over the roofs and valleys: €22 return, €16 one way. The one-way ticket makes sense because from Monte you come down by toboggan or by bus. At the top are the Monte Palace Tropical Garden, charged separately, and the church of Nossa Senhora do Monte, patron of the island, where Charles I of Austria is buried.
Pico do Arieiro → Pico Ruivo (PR1)
It is the most spectacular hike on the island: ridges above the sea of cloud between Madeira's third and first peaks, 1,862 metres, with steps cut into the rock, unlit tunnels and drops without railings. Since 2026 the classified PR trails require compulsory online booking on the regional government's SIMplifica portal, with 30 minute entry slots, and the fee is 4.50 € per person, not the 3 € still circulating in guidebooks; under-12s do not pay but still have to register. If you do several trails, the system applies the daily or multi-day rate by itself when it works out cheaper. The torch is genuinely needed in the tunnels, and anyone afraid of heights will suffer: this is not a scenic stroll.
Levada das 25 Fontes (PR6)
It is the island's best-known levada: you walk along the historic irrigation channels to a rock amphitheatre where 25 springs drop into a pool. This too is a classified route, so the same 4.50 € fee applies, with compulsory booking and 30 minute slots on the SIMplifica portal: you cannot simply turn up and set off. It lies inside the Laurissilva, the UNESCO-listed laurel forest that is the remnant of a vegetation gone from continental Europe. It is so popular that the car park fills early: start at dawn or choose the afternoon.
Day 2
Fanal
It is the plateau of ancient twisted laurels in the mist, and the mist is not a setback but the reason to go: in sunshine it becomes a meadow with cows, handsome but ordinary. Mist is common early and lifts through the day, so the hour matters more than the season. It is on the north-west coast, far from Funchal: an hour and a half of mountain driving.
Ponta de São Lourenço (PR8)
It is the volcanic peninsula at the eastern tip, and it looks like another island: arid, windy, with red and black cliffs dropping into the Atlantic and not a tree in sight. The route is about 7 km there and back, entirely exposed, with no shade and no water on the way, and it is one of the classified trails, so here too you book and pay the fee. The wind is constant and that is not a turn of phrase: water and a hat are not generic advice.
Porto Moniz natural pools
They are pools of black lava that the ocean refills with every wave, on the north-west side. The equipped complex has changing rooms, a bar, loungers for hire and lifeguards, and is open all year: 09:00-17:00 in winter and 09:00-19:00 on summer hours. Entry costs 3 € over the age of 3, 1.50 € for students and over-65s, and is free up to age 3. The wild pools alongside are free and deserted. In rough seas the waves come over the edge and the complex closes, which at Porto Moniz happens often: it is the alternative to sandy beaches, which Madeira barely has.
Hidden gems away from the usual circuits.
Day 1
Câmara de Lobos✦ hidden gem
It is the fishing village Churchill painted in the 1950s, with coloured boats hauled up in the volcanic bay, 15 minutes by bus from Funchal. Poncha was born here, and in the old bars around the harbour it is made in front of you: a different thing from the industrial bottles in the souvenir shops, which is the version most people take home.
Curral das Freiras✦ hidden gem
It is the nuns' village at the bottom of a crater valley ringed by vertical walls, where the sisters of Santa Clara took refuge from pirates in 1566: the road runs down to it, but the view that matters is from the Eira do Serrado viewpoint at 1,095 metres, looking straight down on the village. In November there is the chestnut festival, and here the chestnut is a real crop rather than a tourist pretext.
Seixal✦ hidden gem
It is the most striking black volcanic sand beach on the island, closed in by green cliffs with waterfalls dropping into the sea. Beside it there is also a natural pool, less known and wilder than the ones at Porto Moniz. It is on the north coast, which organised tours nearly always skip because it is far from Funchal: which is exactly why you stay.
Day 2
Ponta do Sol and the sunsets✦ hidden gem
It is the sunniest municipality on the island, with a small seafront, a historic pier and sunsets held to be Madeira's best: it is the right base for winter sun away from the city. A note on the Anjos waterfall, the one everyone photographs themselves under on the old coast road: the water coming down is agricultural run-off rather than a spring, and it is not one to drink or to stand under for long.
Mercado dos Lavradores
It is Funchal's historic market, with flowers, fish and tropical fruit, and it is also a documented trap: the fruit stalls on the upper floor charge heavily inflated prices and often sell imported fruit as local. Read the origin labels, buy on the ground floor or in the shops around, and go on Friday or Saturday, when the actual growers come in from the villages.
Eat and drink where locals actually go.
Day 1
Poncha
It is the national cocktail: aguardente de cana, sugar cane spirit, with honey and lemon or orange juice, worked with the caralhinho, a wooden stick rolled between the palms. In the poncha bars it is made to order and drunk at once, because worked and settled are two different drinks. The ready-made bottles in the souvenir shops are something else and have nothing to do with it.
Espetada, bolo do caco and lapas
The espetada is a skewer of bay-scented beef hung from a hook above the table, from which you pull the meat piece by piece: it does not arrive on a plate. Bolo do caco is sweet potato bread baked on stone and served scalding with garlic butter, and it is the starter that appears everywhere. Lapas are limpets grilled with garlic and lemon, prised out of the shell with a fork.
Espada with banana
The espada is the black scabbardfish, caught in the deep trenches around the island at more than 800 metres: it is an abyssal fish, and it looks like one. In tourist restaurants it comes with banana and sometimes passion fruit sauce, which is the postcard version. The traditional preparation is plainer, with boiled potatoes, vegetables or milho frito, and it is what you find where Madeirans eat.
Day 2
Madeira wine lodges
It is the fortified wine that made the island's history, from dry Sercial to sweet Malvasia, and its peculiarity is controlled oxidation: an open bottle does not spoil and vintages decades old are still drinkable. In Funchal you visit the historic lodges with a tasting. It is the only wine in the world you can leave open in the kitchen for months without trouble, and that is why it went to sea.
Mercado dos Lavradores
It is Funchal's historic market, with flowers, fish and tropical fruit, and it is also a documented trap: the fruit stalls on the upper floor charge heavily inflated prices and often sell imported fruit as local. Read the origin labels, buy on the ground floor or in the shops around, and go on Friday or Saturday, when the actual growers come in from the villages.
Tell us how many days you're staying and in which month: we'll compose an itinerary from this dossier's verified places, with notes about the period.
Your itinerary
Day 1
Funchal cable car and Monte Palace
The cable car climbs in a quarter of an hour from the Zona Velha to Monte over the roofs and valleys: €22 return, €16 one way. The one-way ticket makes sense because from Monte you come down by toboggan or by bus. At the top are the Monte Palace Tropical Garden, charged separately, and the church of Nossa Senhora do Monte, patron of the island, where Charles I of Austria is buried.
Carreiros do Monte (wicker toboggans)
It is the wicker toboggan run, pushed and braked by two carreiros in rubber-soled boots: two kilometres of bends from Monte towards Funchal, born in the 19th century as actual transport. It costs €30 for one person, €40 for two, €60 for three, and runs Monday to Saturday 9am-6pm. Tickets are sold only on site and only on the day: there is no online booking.
Mercado dos Lavradores
It is Funchal's historic market, with flowers, fish and tropical fruit, and it is also a documented trap: the fruit stalls on the upper floor charge heavily inflated prices and often sell imported fruit as local. Read the origin labels, buy on the ground floor or in the shops around, and go on Friday or Saturday, when the actual growers come in from the villages.
Day 2
Old Town and the painted doors
It is Funchal's old quarter, revived by the Arte de Portas Abertas project that turned dozens of doors into artworks along Rua de Santa Maria: you look at them walking and pay nothing. In the evening it is the heart of the nightlife, with the restaurants and poncha bars. By day it is nearly empty and the doors show better, because at night the tables cover them.
Santana and the traditional houses
The famous triangular cottages with thatch to the ground: the photographed ones in the centre of Santana are reconstructions and serve as a tourist office. The theme park beside them reduces the traditions to paid entertainment. The original houses, still lived in or used for storage, are scattered through the surrounding countryside: you see them driving slowly on the side roads, and they cost nothing.
Poncha
It is the national cocktail: aguardente de cana, sugar cane spirit, with honey and lemon or orange juice, worked with the caralhinho, a wooden stick rolled between the palms. In the poncha bars it is made to order and drunk at once, because worked and settled are two different drinks. The ready-made bottles in the souvenir shops are something else and have nothing to do with it.
Day 3
Pico do Arieiro → Pico Ruivo (PR1)
It is the most spectacular hike on the island: ridges above the sea of cloud between Madeira's third and first peaks, 1,862 metres, with steps cut into the rock, unlit tunnels and drops without railings. Since 2026 the classified PR trails require compulsory online booking on the regional government's SIMplifica portal, with 30 minute entry slots, and the fee is 4.50 € per person, not the 3 € still circulating in guidebooks; under-12s do not pay but still have to register. If you do several trails, the system applies the daily or multi-day rate by itself when it works out cheaper. The torch is genuinely needed in the tunnels, and anyone afraid of heights will suffer: this is not a scenic stroll.
Levada das 25 Fontes (PR6)
It is the island's best-known levada: you walk along the historic irrigation channels to a rock amphitheatre where 25 springs drop into a pool. This too is a classified route, so the same 4.50 € fee applies, with compulsory booking and 30 minute slots on the SIMplifica portal: you cannot simply turn up and set off. It lies inside the Laurissilva, the UNESCO-listed laurel forest that is the remnant of a vegetation gone from continental Europe. It is so popular that the car park fills early: start at dawn or choose the afternoon.
Espetada, bolo do caco and lapas
The espetada is a skewer of bay-scented beef hung from a hook above the table, from which you pull the meat piece by piece: it does not arrive on a plate. Bolo do caco is sweet potato bread baked on stone and served scalding with garlic butter, and it is the starter that appears everywhere. Lapas are limpets grilled with garlic and lemon, prised out of the shell with a fork.
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Travel dates, where you stay and the kind of trip: we tailor this same verified dossier to your exact needs.
Recurring scams and local rules worth knowing before you arrive.
⚠ Scams to know
The market stalls, especially upstairs, sell 'exotic local' fruit at prices far above the shops, and part of the fruit is imported from Colombia and Peru, not Madeiran. 'Free' tastings lead to bills of tens of euros.
How to avoid it: Check the origin tags, compare prices in the shops around the market, buy on the ground floor and visit on Friday or Saturday when local growers come in.
SourceOutside the market and along the Funchal seafront, people sometimes offer themselves as guides or sell excursions without being registered operators. This is a recurring traveller report rather than an official warning, so we give it for what it is.
How to avoid it: Always check the guide's credentials or certification; book tours through operators with verifiable reviews or ask your accommodation.
SourceFunchal taxis run regulated fares on a meter, with supplements for luggage and night hours. Anyone quoting a figure verbally without switching the meter on is working around the tariff, and that is where you most easily pay double.
How to avoid it: Ask for the meter or agree the price before setting off. Airport-Funchal normally costs €25-35. Alternatively use Bolt/Uber or the Aerobus.
SourceThe couvert brought to your table unasked, bread, olives, butter, is not a scam: it is standard practice. Portuguese law says something precise that few visitors know, though: if you did not order it and do not touch it you can have it taken away and pay nothing, while from the moment you taste even a piece you have accepted it and it goes on the bill. The price of the couvert must also appear on the price list with everything else: if it is displayed nowhere, you can refuse to pay it.
How to avoid it: If you do not want it, ask for it to be taken away straight away and do not touch it. If you keep it, check the price is on the menu before you start.
SourceListings for holiday homes that do not exist, or that are duplicated, hit Madeira like any place in high demand, with a request to pay outside the platform as the classic signal. This is a recurring report rather than an official warning: consular advice only recommends making sure your accommodation has adequate security.
How to avoid it: Book only on reliable platforms without leaving the official payment flow; check the listing shows an AL (Alojamento Local) registration number and cross-check photos and address on Google Maps.
SourceAround the Monte sledges, touts resell tickets and photographers shoot during the descent then push expensive prints on riders.
How to avoid it: Buy tickets only at the official ticket office (paid on site, same day: €30/40/60 for 1/2/3 people) and firmly decline unrequested photos and souvenirs.
SourceMany Old Town shops sell the same non-Portuguese cork products and magnets passed off as local crafts; industrial bottled poncha has little to do with the real thing.
How to avoid it: For authentic crafts look for Camacha wickerwork, certified Madeira embroidery and poncha made to order in bars; steer clear of the copy-paste shops.
Source⚖ Laws & penalties
From 2026, access to the official walking routes marked 'PR' (including the famous levadas and Pico do Arieiro-Pico Ruivo) requires an advance timed-slot booking on the Simplifica digital platform and a fee of about €3 per person. Checks on the trails: without a valid booking the fine goes up to €250.
SourceAnyone over 12 who doesn't live in Madeira pays €2 per person per night, up to a maximum of 7 nights (€14), in all Funchal accommodation. Other municipalities (e.g. Porto Moniz from 2026) apply similar taxes. Paid at the property.
SourceAs in most of Portugal, drinking alcohol in the street outside licensed bar and café areas is prohibited and fineable. During festivities (New Year, Carnival) stick to the areas and cups authorised by the organisers.
SourceSeveral Portuguese coastal towns fine people walking around in swimwear or shirtless away from beaches and pools, with penalties up to €1,500. In Funchal city, beachwear away from the lidos is frowned upon in any case.
SourceMuch of the island's interior is nature reserve or UNESCO heritage: flying drones requires compliance with Portugal's ANAC rules and specific permits in protected areas and near the airport. The no-fly zones cover many of the most photographed viewpoints.
SourceLegal tourist accommodation in Portugal displays an AL/RNAL registration number in the listing. Staying in unregistered places exposes you to sudden cancellations; for owners, 2026 fines reach €40,000.
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Hover over a month on the timeline for details.
When it works best, by type of trip
Ideal temperatures at altitude, quieter trails and more stable weather than the winter season.
The Atlantic is warmest in late summer; the Porto Moniz and Seixal pools are at their best with a relatively calm ocean.
The three moments when the island puts on a show, but with peak prices and the need to book well ahead.
Mild climate year-round (15-20°C on the south coast): the classic European winter escape at low prices, avoiding the Christmas window.
Rough estimate (lodging + meals + local transport), not a precise verified source.
Did you know... The runway of Funchal airport is partly suspended on about 180 concrete columns up to 70 metres tall: an award-winning feat of engineering built over the coastal road.
From the airport to Funchal: Aerobus line 500, €6.70 (children €3.30), roughly hourly from 8:30 to 22:00, 30-50 minutes; a taxi costs €25-35. In town, Horários do Funchal urban buses cost €2.05 on board or €1.45 per ride with the rechargeable GIRO bilhete card (€0.50 for the card), regional fares under ordinance 128/2026 of 23 March 2026; the municipal day ticket costs €4.95, 3 days €12.50, and prepaid the Aerobus drops to €5.55. The Funchal-Monte cable car costs €16 one way, €22 return (children 0-6 free, 7-14 half price).
⚠ Areas to avoid
Good to know
Did you know... Cristiano Ronaldo was born in Funchal: the airport bears his name and the CR7 museum downtown displays his trophies.
Did you know... Madeira wine was used to toast the American Declaration of Independence in 1776: it keeps for decades even after the bottle is opened.
Short answers drawn from the verified data of this dossier: details and sources are in the sections above.
Season low (November-March (excluding the Christmas period)): 45-75€ per day; Season mid (April-June, September-October): 70-110€ per day; Season high (July-August, Christmas and New Year): 100-160€ per day.
Hiking and levadas: April-June, September-October. Ideal temperatures at altitude, quieter trails and more stable weather than the winter season. Sea and natural pools: July-October. The Atlantic is warmest in late summer; the Porto Moniz and Seixal pools are at their best with a relatively calm ocean. Events: February (Carnival), May (Flower Festival), December (lights and New Year). The three moments when the island puts on a show, but with peak prices and the need to book well ahead. Budget and winter sun: November, January-March. Mild climate year-round (15-20°C on the south coast): the classic European winter escape at low prices, avoiding the Christmas window.
There are no dangerous neighbourhoods in Funchal or on the island: Madeira is among Europe's safest destinations. Save your caution for crowded spots (market, cable car, events) against occasional pickpocketing and above all for the mountains: the island's real risk is weather and terrain, not crime. Portugal is rated Level 1 ('exercise normal precautions') by the US State Department; petty theft concentrates in crowds and on public transport.
Yes. Funchal is easily explored on foot and by urban bus, but to see the island a car is almost essential: the highlights (Fanal, Ponta de São Lourenço, Porto Moniz, the peaks) are scattered and intercity buses are slow and infrequent. Note: very steep, narrow roads off the expressways. Choose a small car with a decent engine. The free VR1 expressway crosses the south coast in half an hour.
From the airport to Funchal: Aerobus line 500, €6.70 (children €3.30), roughly hourly from 8:30 to 22:00, 30-50 minutes; a taxi costs €25-35. In town, Horários do Funchal urban buses cost €2.05 on board or €1.45 per ride with the rechargeable GIRO bilhete card (€0.50 for the card), regional fares under ordinance 128/2026 of 23 March 2026; the municipal day ticket costs €4.95, 3 days €12.50, and prepaid the Aerobus drops to €5.55. The Funchal-Monte cable car costs €16 one way, €22 return (children 0-6 free, 7-14 half price).
Câmara de Lobos, Curral das Freiras, Seixal, Ponta do Sol and the sunsets.
Inflated fruit prices at Mercado dos Lavradores; Improvised tour guides in Funchal; Taxis without a meter or with inflated fares; Extra items on the restaurant bill (unrequested couvert).
Every source below was opened and read, not just cited. Entries that didn't hold up were downgraded to "low confidence" or dropped, not presented as certain.
Other dossiers close by country, area or kind of trip.
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